Fig. 1

Map of Ecuador, the province of Cotopaxi, and La Mana. Ecuador is located in South America and Cotopaxi is in Central Ecuador along the Andes. La Mana belongs to Cotopaxi province. The map on the right shows the location of the study area with Guasaganda (black dot) and the forest of Sacha Wiwua (tree icon). The population is mainly indigenous and their eating culture is based on traditional foods