Table 1 The findings
Author(s) | Country/city | Sample size | Methodology | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bhattarai et al. [13] | Nepal | Local farmer (n = 91), Focus Group Discussion (FGD) (n = 4, 10–12 participants) | Case studies, in-depth interviews, FGD, and participant’s observation | Gender inequality due to socio-structural norms; undermines the climate change adaptation |
Khan et al. [14] | Pakistan | Local communities (n = 120, 87 male and 33 female) | In-depth interviews | Lack of awareness of ethnobotanical plants; results in the careless use of natural resources |
Salick et al. [15] | Tibet, China | Sample size (Not mentioned) | Ethnobotanical method and qualitative in-depth interviews | The severe impact of climatic change on the livelihood, lifestyle, and traditional Tibetan culture of herding of animals |
Byg and Salick [16] | Tibet, China | Indigenous communities (n = 90, 45 female and 45 male) | Semi-structured interviews | Localized meaning of climate change based on socio-cultural, spiritual, and moral factors |
Gómez-Baggethun et al. [17] | Spain | Local people (n = 33), FGD (n = 3, 4–6 individuals) | Interviews, FGD, and systematic reviews of historical archives | Traditional beliefs systems associated with socio-ecological knowledge are crucial for a sustainable long-term solution |
Von Borgstede et al. [18] | Sweden, US, UK, and Japan | Opinion poll (n = 1500) in 2005 (n = 742) and 2010 (n = 615) | The longitudinal survey, opinion poll, close-ended questionnaires | Climate change is the reality; sustainable environmental friendly consumption choices possible solution |
Semenza et al. [19] | Portland and Houston | Participants (n = 1202, female = 787 and male = 415) | Mixed methodology | The negligence of socio-structural norms; barriers in climate mitigation efforts |
Gentle and Maraseni [20] | Nepal | Local household (n = 485) | In-depth interviews, FGD, key informants interviews | Social inequalities and inequity in resource allocation due to climate change; affecting vulnerable communities |
Vedwan [21] | Himachal Pradesh, India | Apple growers (n = 58) | Semi-structured interviews | Shift in traditional cropping pattern due to climate change in the Himalayan region |
Chaudhary and Bawa [22] | India and Nepal | Households (n = 225) | In-depth interviews, focus group discussion | The shift in agricultural practices of indigenous communities. For example, apple production has severely been affected |
Katwal et al. [23] | Bhutan | Indigenous farmers (n = 404, male = 237, and female = 167) | Survey with close-ended questionnaires | The loss of one-third of traditional agrobiodiversity in the region; emphasis on adoption of crops according to different agro-ecological zones |
Oo et al. [24] | Myanmar | Local farmers (n = 178), FGD (n = 7) | In-depth interviews, FGD | Poor socio-economic status negatively affects the adaptation policies in society |
Bhadwal et al. [25] | Sikkim, India | Local communities FGD (n = 8) | In-depth interviews, FGD | Gender norms in traditional communities affect adaptation; due to lack of access to human, financial, and natural capitals |
Guyot et al. [26] | Canada | Aboriginal communities (n = 2) | In-depth interviews, FGD | Impact of climate change on traditional dietary practices and consumption |
Ford [27] | Canada | Nunavut community | In-depth interviews, FGD | Impact of climate change on traditional dietary practices |
Upadhaya et al. [28] | Meghalaya, India | Tribal community (n = 2) | In-depth interviews, FGD | Traditional agriculture practice could result in sustainable consumption and environment |
Pieniak et al. [29] | Europe | Consumer survey (n = 4828) | Cross-sectional quantitative survey | Traditional food consumption depends on familiarity, naturalness, and health benefits |
Rojas-Rivas et al. [30] | Mexico City | Consumer survey (n = 610) | In-depth interviews | The association of traditional norms positively influence the dietary habits |
Akintan et al. [31] | Nigeria | The household survey (n = 350) | Household surveys, semi-structured interviews | ‘Ethnic-specific’ traditional norms and taboos crucial in food choices of traditional society |
Chakraborty et al. [32] | Uttarakhand, India | Local households (n = 62) | Household surveys, semi-structured interviews | Socio-cultural norms are significant sustainable environment and dietary choices |
Malhotra et al. [33] | Himachal Pradesh, India | Local people (n = 20), FGD (n = 3) | In-depth interviews, FGD | Socio-ecological changes and affected the cultural norms linked to eating practices |
Singh et al. [34] | Kashmir, India | Native people (n = 113) | Household surveys, interviews, semi-structured interviews | Ethnobotanical knowledge is crucial for novel nutraceutical products |
Nautiyal and Kaechele [35] | India | Sample size (not mentioned) | Household surveys, semi-structured interviews | Traditional mountain farming is sustainable for the environment and indigenous societies |
Negi and Maikhuri [36] | Uttarakhand, India | Local villages (n = 62, sample size not mentioned) | Household surveys, semi-structured interviews, in-depth interviews | Traditional agro diversity is insurance against disease and extreme climatic fluctuations |