Table 2 Nutritional composition of S. androgynous

Macronutrients

Proteins

10.83% [65]; 15.8 g/100 g [66]; 5.2% [20]; 3.04% [67]; 8.31 g/100 g [68]; 7.4 g/100 g [6]; 15.0% [64]

Obesity control by elevating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol [69]

Carbohydrates

54.5 g/100 g [66]

Carbohydrates in our body maintain the energy potential [70]

Chlorophyll

14.43 ± 0.16 μg/mL [71]

Antioxidant agent [72]

Fatty acids

62.92% [65]

Act as an energy donor complex, interconnected systems [73]

Crude fibre

1.87% [65]; 36.0 g/100 g [66]; 1.75% [20]; 1.07% [67]

Enhances food digestion [70]

Crude fat

0.85% [65]; 0.58% [20].; 4.0 g/100 g [66]; 1.07% [67]

Helps in fat-soluble vitamin absorption [70]

Micronutrients

Fe

8.8 mg/100 g [32]; 13.5 mg/100 g [74]

Participate in oxygen transport [75]

Zn

15.9 g/100 g [76]

Growth, development and defense [77]

Mn

664.9 mg/100 g [33]

Plant growth and development [78]

Cu

768.7 mg/100 g [76]

Ensure cellular functions [79]

Mg

664.9 mg/100 g [76]

Activates enzymes [80]

K

45.7 mg/100 g [76]

45.70 mg/100 g [20]

Cofactor that functions in protein synthesis [80]

P

543 mg/100 g [32]

Major constituent in phospholipids, nucleic acids, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), coenzymes [80]

Ca

2.8% [74]; 118.8 mg/100 g [74]

Important information and stability of cell walls and in maintenance of membrane structure and permeability [80]

Co

1.62 mg/100 g [76]

Integral part of the structure of vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) [81]

Vitamin A

4.11 mg/100 g [61]

Cancer prevention [82]

Vitamin C

244 mg/100 g [32]

56.1 mg/100 g [74]

Essential for mental and physical development of the body [33]

Vitamin E

17.8 mg/100 g [62]

Inhibition of platelet aggregation [83]

Carotene

5600 μg/100 g [32]

Reduce cancers and eye disease risk [84]