Table 2 Nutritional composition of S. androgynous
| Constituents | Quantity (references) | Function (references) |
|---|---|---|
| Macronutrients | ||
| Proteins | 10.83% [65]; 15.8 g/100 g [66]; 5.2% [20]; 3.04% [67]; 8.31 g/100 g [68]; 7.4 g/100 g [6]; 15.0% [64] | Obesity control by elevating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol [69] |
| Carbohydrates | 54.5 g/100 g [66] | Carbohydrates in our body maintain the energy potential [70] |
| Chlorophyll | 14.43 ± 0.16 μg/mL [71] | Antioxidant agent [72] |
| Fatty acids | 62.92% [65] | Act as an energy donor complex, interconnected systems [73] |
| Crude fibre | 1.87% [65]; 36.0 g/100 g [66]; 1.75% [20]; 1.07% [67] | Enhances food digestion [70] |
| Crude fat | 0.85% [65]; 0.58% [20].; 4.0 g/100 g [66]; 1.07% [67] | Helps in fat-soluble vitamin absorption [70] |
| Micronutrients | ||
| Fe | 8.8 mg/100 g [32]; 13.5 mg/100 g [74] | Participate in oxygen transport [75] |
| Zn | 15.9 g/100 g [76] | Growth, development and defense [77] |
| Mn | 664.9 mg/100 g [33] | Plant growth and development [78] |
| Cu | 768.7 mg/100 g [76] | Ensure cellular functions [79] |
| Mg | 664.9 mg/100 g [76] | Activates enzymes [80] |
| K |
45.7 mg/100 g [76] 45.70 mg/100 g [20] | Cofactor that functions in protein synthesis [80] |
| P | 543 mg/100 g [32] | Major constituent in phospholipids, nucleic acids, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), coenzymes [80] |
| Ca | 2.8% [74]; 118.8 mg/100 g [74] | Important information and stability of cell walls and in maintenance of membrane structure and permeability [80] |
| Co | 1.62 mg/100 g [76] | Integral part of the structure of vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) [81] |
| Vitamin A | 4.11 mg/100 g [61] | Cancer prevention [82] |
| Vitamin C |
244 mg/100 g [32] 56.1 mg/100 g [74] | Essential for mental and physical development of the body [33] |
| Vitamin E | 17.8 mg/100 g [62] | Inhibition of platelet aggregation [83] |
| Carotene | 5600 μg/100 g [32] | Reduce cancers and eye disease risk [84] |