Table 2 Plant parts used in Bakhar preparation and their therapeutic uses in traditional folk medicine
Scientific names and families | Local names | Parts used | Habit | Traditional uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Asparagaceae) | Kedar | Root | Climber | Anti-aging, nervous disorder, bronchitis, liver diseases, dyspepsia [39, 50] |
Acorus calamus L. (Acoraceae) | Bach | Rhizome | Herb | Sedative, diarrhea, depression, indigestion, fever, flatulence, cramps [40, 51] |
Ruellia tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae) | Chaoli | Root | Herb | Flu, asthma, high blood pressure, eczema, bronchitis [41, 52] |
Symplocos racemosa Roxb. (Symplocaceae) | Lodhchal | Bark | Tree | Liver and bowel complaints, gonorrhea, tumors, skin diseases [42, 53] |
Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) | Pipul | Fruit | Shrub | Chronic bronchitis, asthma, chronic malaria, cough, respiratory infection [43, 54] |
Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. (Apocynaceae) | Anantamul | Root | Shrub | Rheumatism, impotence, urinary tract and skin infections [44, 55] |
Cassia senna L. (Leguminosae) | Sonapata | Leaf | Shrub | Irritable bowel syndrome, splenic enlargements, Jaundice, hemorrhoids [45, 56] |
Polygala crotalarioides Buch.-Ham. (Polygalaceae) | Nilkanth | Root | Herb | Cough and cold, fever, pulmonary catarrh [46] |
Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) | Durlabha | Seed | Herb | |
Rubia cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae) | Manjistha | Root | Climber | Arthritis, acne, leucorrhoea, pharyngitis, intermittent fever, Jaundice [48] |
Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach. (Parmeliaceae) | Shailaj | Whole plant | Thallus | Kidney stone, leprosy, seminal weakness, toothache, boils, calculi [49] |