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Table 3 Frequency of spice consumption over timec

From: Consumption of spices and ethnic contamination in the daily diet of Italians - consumers’ preferences and modification of eating habits

Spices

Always consumed

Consumed for more than 1 year

Consumed for less than 1 year

Not consumed

Açaí berry

3.4%

3.4%

13.2%

79.9%

Anise

33.6%

9.2%

12.4%

44.7%

Black garlic

9.4%

6.9%

16.8%

66.8%

Cardamom

8.9%

18.7%

11.8%

60.6%

Chia

4.1%

16.3%

16.3%

63.3%

Chili pepper

85.2%

9.3%

2.4%

3.0%

Cinnamon

69.0%

14.5%

5.9%

10.6%

Cloves

42.5%

19.7%

7.3%

30.5%

Coriander

19.8%

23.0%

12.0%

45.2%

Cumin

19.8%

26.1%

11.3%

42.8%

Curry

33.9%

49.7%

6.6%

9.8%

Ginger

26.9%

49.0%

10.9%

13.3%

Goji berry

4.4%

22.7%

17.7%

55.2%

Mustard

39.1%

18.3%

10.2%

32.3%

Nutmeg

68.8%

17.9%

3.9%

9.4%

Pepper

93.8%

2.8%

2.8%

0.6%

Poppy seeds

21.7%

22.2%

10.4%

45.8%

Saffron

74.2%

12.9%

4.5%

8.4%

Sesame

59.4%

16.6%

6.6%

17.3%

Turmeric

20.0%

47.4%

13.0%

19.6%

Vanilla

65.0%

11.7%

5.6%

17.7%

Wasabi

9.2%

25.0%

13.3%

52.6%

  1. cThis table shows all the spices selected for the study. Spices indicated with bold letters are those consumed for longer or always in the Italian traditional recipes over time