Fig. 3

Basic ingredients for making spicy Shiro flour. This study included 95 respondents who are spicy Shiro flour producers. Thus, 12% of respondents used grass pea as a base ingredient, 23% used fava/faba bean as a base ingredient, 41% used Chickpea as a base ingredient, and the majority (66%) used pea as a base ingredient during Spicy Shiro flour preparation. This implies that the most popular and tasty base ingredient was pea. In Ethiopia, grass pea was the least commonly reported base ingredient used in the preparation of spicy Shiro flour. Sources Results from interviews and focus group discussions with Spicy Shiro flour producers were analyzed (95 respondents participated in this study)