Table 1 Enumeration of the herbal ingredients used and their potential source of collection dependency from given land uses

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. (Apiaceae)

Manimuni

Herb

Whole plant

F

–

–

*

–

Alstonia shcolaris (L) R.Br. (Apocynaceae)

So-ti

Tree

Leaf

BDL/M

*

*

–

–

Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae)

Namying-gomying

Herb

Leaf/Young shoot

BDL/M

*

*

*

**

Eupatorium odoratum L. (Asteraceae)

Bagbon

Herb

Leaf

BDL/M

–

–

–

**

Mikania scandens Willd. (Asteraceae)

Sinalota

Climber

Leaf/Young shoot

BDL/M

**

–

–

*

Spilanthes acmella Murr. (Asteraceae)

Marsang

Herb

Leaf/Young shoot

A

*

**

–

–

Actephila excelsa (Dalzell) Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)

Diking Somkong

Tree

Leaf

A

*

–

–

–

Croton caudatus Geiseler (Euphorbiaceae)

Pumrig

Shrub

Leaf

M/F

*

*

–

–

Desmodium oxyphyllum D.C (Fabaceae)

Tanggom

Herb

Leaf/Young shoot

M/F

*

–

*

*

Leucas aspera Spreng. (Lamiaceae)

Drun bon

Herb

Leaf/Young shoot

A

*

–

*

*

Cinnamomum tamala Fr. Nees (Lauraceae)

Tespat

Tree

Leaf

A

**

–

–

–

Neolitsea sp. (Lauraceae)

Kalang

Tree

Leaf

F

***

–

*

*

Litsea polyantha Juss. (Lauraceae)

Tapit

Tree

Leaf

BDL

**

–

*

*

Litsea salicifolia Roxb. (Lauraceae)

Jegloti/Dighloti

Tree

Leaf

BDL

**

*

-

*

Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb (Asparagaceae)

Tabi-gonggab

Shrub

Leaf

A

**

*

–

–

Melia azadirach L. (Meliaceae)

Guranim/Ghuraneem

Tree

Leaf

A

**

*

–

–

Albizzia lucida Benth. (Mimosaceae)

Langgit

Tree

.Leaf

A

**

*

*

*

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (Moraceae)

Belang

Tree

Leaf

BDL/M

*

***

–

–

Psidium guajava L. (Myrtacaceae)

Muduri

Tree

Leaf/Young shoot

A

–

**

–

–

Jasminum multiflorum (Burm. f.) Andrews (Oleaceae.)

Injari

Shrub

Leaf/ Young shoot

A

***

–

*

*

Piper longum L. (Piperaceae)

Peepoli

Climber

Leaf

A

*

***

–

*

Saccharum officinarum L. (Poaceae)

Tabad

Shrub

Leaf

A

–

**

–

–

Polygonum plebeium R.Br. (Polygonaceae)

Bonjaluk

Herb

Whole Plant

A

***

–

*

**

Bonnaya antipoda (L) Druce. (Scrophulariaceae)

Ngen-ngen

Herb

Whole Plant

F

**

–

*

**

Scoparia dulcis L. (Scrophulariaceae.)

Tisur-kosur

Herb

Whole Plant

F

**

–

*

**

Premna benghalensis Clarke. (Verbenaceae.)

Go-rang

Tree

Leaf

F

**

*

–

–

Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae.)

Sopotia/ Posotia

Tree

Leaf

A

**

***

*

*

Pteridophytes

Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (Dryopteridaceae)

Rugji

Herb

Foliar Part

A

***

*

*

**

Lygodium flexuosum(L.) Sw. (Lygodiaceae.)

Rakat

Herb

Foliar Part/Young Shoot

A

***

–

*

**

Pteris semipinata L. (Pteridaceae)

Rakat

Herb

Foliar Part

A

*

–

*

*

Selaginella sp (Selaginellacea)

Rakat

Herb

Foliar Part

M

***

–

**

–